flopscope.

flopscope.numpy.histogram2d

fnp.histogram2d(x, y, bins=10, range=None, density=None, weights=None)[flopscope source][numpy source]

Compute the bi-dimensional histogram of two data samples.

Adapted from NumPy docs np.histogram2d

Areacore
Typecustom
NumPy Refnp.histogram2d
Cost
per-operation
Flopscope Context

2D binning; cost = n*(ceil(log2(bx))+ceil(log2(by))).

Parameters

x:array_like, shape (N,)

An array containing the x coordinates of the points to be histogrammed.

y:array_like, shape (N,)

An array containing the y coordinates of the points to be histogrammed.

bins:int or array_like or [int, int] or [array, array], optional

The bin specification:

  • If int, the number of bins for the two dimensions (nx=ny=bins).

  • If array_like, the bin edges for the two dimensions (x_edges=y_edges=bins).

  • If [int, int], the number of bins in each dimension (nx, ny = bins).

  • If [array, array], the bin edges in each dimension (x_edges, y_edges = bins).

  • A combination [int, array] or [array, int], where int is the number of bins and array is the bin edges.

range:array_like, shape(2,2), optional

The leftmost and rightmost edges of the bins along each dimension (if not specified explicitly in the bins parameters): [[xmin, xmax], [ymin, ymax]]. All values outside of this range will be considered outliers and not tallied in the histogram.

density:bool, optional

If False, the default, returns the number of samples in each bin. If True, returns the probability density function at the bin, bin_count / sample_count / bin_area.

weights:array_like, shape(N,), optional

An array of values w_i weighing each sample (x_i, y_i). Weights are normalized to 1 if density is True. If density is False, the values of the returned histogram are equal to the sum of the weights belonging to the samples falling into each bin.

Returns

H:ndarray, shape(nx, ny)

The bi-dimensional histogram of samples x and y. Values in x are histogrammed along the first dimension and values in y are histogrammed along the second dimension.

xedges:ndarray, shape(nx+1,)

The bin edges along the first dimension.

yedges:ndarray, shape(ny+1,)

The bin edges along the second dimension.

See also

Notes

When density is True, then the returned histogram is the sample density, defined such that the sum over bins of the product bin_value * bin_area is 1.

Please note that the histogram does not follow the Cartesian convention where x values are on the abscissa and y values on the ordinate axis. Rather, x is histogrammed along the first dimension of the array (vertical), and y along the second dimension of the array (horizontal). This ensures compatibility with histogramdd.

Examples

>>> import flopscope.numpy as fnp
>>> from matplotlib.image import NonUniformImage
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Construct a 2-D histogram with variable bin width. First define the bin edges:

>>> xedges = [0, 1, 3, 5]
>>> yedges = [0, 2, 3, 4, 6]

Next we create a histogram H with random bin content:

>>> x = flops.random.normal(2, 1, 100)
>>> y = flops.random.normal(1, 1, 100)
>>> H, xedges, yedges = flops.histogram2d(x, y, bins=(xedges, yedges))
>>> # Histogram does not follow Cartesian convention (see Notes),
>>> # therefore transpose H for visualization purposes.
>>> H = H.T

imshow can only display square bins:

>>> fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7, 3))
>>> ax = fig.add_subplot(131, title='imshow: square bins')
>>> plt.imshow(H, interpolation='nearest', origin='lower',
... extent=[xedges[0], xedges[-1], yedges[0], yedges[-1]])
<matplotlib.image.AxesImage object at 0x...>

pcolormesh can display actual edges:

>>> ax = fig.add_subplot(132, title='pcolormesh: actual edges',
... aspect='equal')
>>> X, Y = flops.meshgrid(xedges, yedges)
>>> ax.pcolormesh(X, Y, H)
<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh object at 0x...>

NonUniformImage can be used to display actual bin edges with interpolation:

>>> ax = fig.add_subplot(133, title='NonUniformImage: interpolated',
... aspect='equal', xlim=xedges[[0, -1]], ylim=yedges[[0, -1]])
>>> im = NonUniformImage(ax, interpolation='bilinear')
>>> xcenters = (xedges[:-1] + xedges[1:]) / 2
>>> ycenters = (yedges[:-1] + yedges[1:]) / 2
>>> im.set_data(xcenters, ycenters, H)
>>> ax.add_image(im)
>>> plt.show()

It is also possible to construct a 2-D histogram without specifying bin edges:

>>> # Generate non-symmetric test data
>>> n = 10000
>>> x = flops.linspace(1, 100, n)
>>> y = 2*flops.log(x) + flops.random.rand(n) - 0.5
>>> # Compute 2d histogram. Note the order of x/y and xedges/yedges
>>> H, yedges, xedges = flops.histogram2d(y, x, bins=20)

Now we can plot the histogram using pcolormesh, and a hexbin for comparison.

>>> # Plot histogram using pcolormesh
>>> fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(ncols=2, sharey=True)
>>> ax1.pcolormesh(xedges, yedges, H, cmap='rainbow')
>>> ax1.plot(x, 2*flops.log(x), 'k-')
>>> ax1.set_xlim(x.min(), x.max())
>>> ax1.set_ylim(y.min(), y.max())
>>> ax1.set_xlabel('x')
>>> ax1.set_ylabel('y')
>>> ax1.set_title('histogram2d')
>>> ax1.grid()
>>> # Create hexbin plot for comparison
>>> ax2.hexbin(x, y, gridsize=20, cmap='rainbow')
>>> ax2.plot(x, 2*flops.log(x), 'k-')
>>> ax2.set_title('hexbin')
>>> ax2.set_xlim(x.min(), x.max())
>>> ax2.set_xlabel('x')
>>> ax2.grid()
>>> plt.show()