flopscope.

flopscope.numpy.linalg.outer

fnp.linalg.outer(x1: 'ArrayLike', x2: 'ArrayLike', /) -> 'FlopscopeArray'[flopscope source][numpy source]

Compute the outer product of two vectors.

Adapted from NumPy docs np.linalg.outer

Arealinalg
Typecustom
Cost
delegates to flops.outer
Flopscope Context

Delegates to `fnp.outer` which charges `m*n` FLOPs.

This function is Array API compatible. Compared to flops.outer it accepts 1-dimensional inputs only.

Parameters

x1:(M,) array_like

One-dimensional input array of size N. Must have a numeric data type.

x2:(N,) array_like

One-dimensional input array of size M. Must have a numeric data type.

Returns

out:(M, N) ndarray

out[i, j] = a[i] * b[j]

See also

Examples

Make a (very coarse) grid for computing a Mandelbrot set:

>>> rl = flops.linalg.outer(flops.ones((5,)), flops.linspace(-2, 2, 5))
>>> rl
array([[-2., -1.,  0.,  1.,  2.],
       [-2., -1.,  0.,  1.,  2.],
       [-2., -1.,  0.,  1.,  2.],
       [-2., -1.,  0.,  1.,  2.],
       [-2., -1.,  0.,  1.,  2.]])
>>> im = flops.linalg.outer(1j*flops.linspace(2, -2, 5), flops.ones((5,)))
>>> im
array([[0.+2.j, 0.+2.j, 0.+2.j, 0.+2.j, 0.+2.j],
       [0.+1.j, 0.+1.j, 0.+1.j, 0.+1.j, 0.+1.j],
       [0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j],
       [0.-1.j, 0.-1.j, 0.-1.j, 0.-1.j, 0.-1.j],
       [0.-2.j, 0.-2.j, 0.-2.j, 0.-2.j, 0.-2.j]])
>>> grid = rl + im
>>> grid
array([[-2.+2.j, -1.+2.j,  0.+2.j,  1.+2.j,  2.+2.j],
       [-2.+1.j, -1.+1.j,  0.+1.j,  1.+1.j,  2.+1.j],
       [-2.+0.j, -1.+0.j,  0.+0.j,  1.+0.j,  2.+0.j],
       [-2.-1.j, -1.-1.j,  0.-1.j,  1.-1.j,  2.-1.j],
       [-2.-2.j, -1.-2.j,  0.-2.j,  1.-2.j,  2.-2.j]])

An example using a "vector" of letters:

>>> x = flops.array(['a', 'b', 'c'], dtype=object)
>>> flops.linalg.outer(x, [1, 2, 3])
array([['a', 'aa', 'aaa'],
       ['b', 'bb', 'bbb'],
       ['c', 'cc', 'ccc']], dtype=object)